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Technology Comparison

Post-QuanOtum
Cryptography

Post-Quantum Cryptography

PQC is
highly compatible.

Norma has introduced Hybrid PQC technology beyond PQC
and has a technology that can be used universally
without any concern about performance degradation.

Post-Quantum

Types of
Post-quantum
cryptography technology

  • QKD

    Quantum Key
    Distribution

  • PQC

    Post-Quantum
    Cryptography

  • Hybrid PQC

    Hybrid Post-Quantum
    Cryptography

Difference between QKD and PQC

QKD Quantum Key Distribution PQC* Post-Quantum Cryptography
Characteristic Quantum mechanics ensure that quantum channels
cannot be successfully intercepted without detection		 100% guarantee that no way to break
the PQC algorithm can be found
Security Special hardware required Most implementations are software-only, No special hardware required
Implementation Fiber Optics or free space optics
that only work in fiber optics		 Applied to all types digital communication media
including RF, wired network, and optical communication
Cost Relatively high cost due to the need for
hardware and new communication infrastructure		 Relatively low cost
based on software
Repeater
Compatibility		 A repeater can receive a quantum channel, decode it into classic bits,
and re-encrypt and retransmit it to another quantum channel.		 Fully compatible with
current digital repeater technology
Mobile device
compatibility		 Very limited
For line-of-sight nodes only		 Compatible with all types of
communication used on mobile
Digital Signature
Compatibility		 Potentially used for
digital signatures		 Developing various standards for
digital signature applications

Features of PQC and Hybrid PQC

PQC Features

It completely replaces the existing method, but it is less general and there is a risk of performance degradation.

3 ROUNDS
PUBLIC KEY ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIC MCELIECE ENCRYPTION-BASED ENCRYPTION
CRYSTALS KYBER LWE
NTRU NTRU
SABER LWR
DIGITAL SIGNATURE CRYSTALS-DILITHIUM LWE
FALCON NTRU
RAINBOW MULTIVARIATE

Hybrid PQC Features

With optional application, it can be applied without concern of performance degradation and can be used more universally.

  • Choose either the existing key exchange method or PQC method.
    After combining it with the XOR calculation, the final secret key can be
    generated and used.
  • PQC algorithm can be selectively applied to the TLS method being
    currently in use
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